12 Principles for Building Software as a Service Apps
The Twelve Factors:
# | Factor | Description |
---|---|---|
I | Codebase | There should be exactly one codebase for a deployed service with the codebase being used for many deployments. |
II | Dependencies | All dependencies should be declared, with no implicit reliance on system tools or libraries. |
III | Config | The configuration that varies between deployments should be stored in the environment. |
IV | Backing services | All backing services are treated as attached resources and attached and detached by the execution environment. |
V | Build, release, run | The delivery pipeline should strictly consist of build, release, run. |
VI | Processes | Applications should be deployed as one or more stateless processes with persisted data stored on a backing service. |
VII | Port binding | Self-contained services should make themselves available to other services by specified ports. |
VIII | Concurrency | Concurrency is advocated by scaling individual processes. |
IX | Disposability | Fast startup and shutdown are advocated for a more robust and resilient system. |
X | Dev/Prod parity | All environments should be as similar as possible. |
XI | Logs | Applications should produce logs as event streams and leave the execution environment to aggregate. |
XII | Admin Processes | All admin tasks should be kept in source control and packaged with the application. |
See https://12factor.net/ for more details and this page for nice illustrations: https://www.redhat.com/architect/12-factor-app.